Amashuri abanza, ayisumbuye, amakuru na kaminuza hakomeje kugaragara ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina rikorerwa abana b’abakobwa n’abangavu, ababahotera usanga babatera indwara zidakira harimo na VIH/Sida, ababikora ntabwo batinya ibihano nubwo bikakaye, hagamijwe kurikumira.
Abana b’abakobwa bagiye bafatwa ku ngufu batifuje ko amazina yabo ashyirwa ahagaragara, bavuga ko bashukwa n’abakuru bakagombye kubaha uburere bwiza, kuko hari n’abarimu babashukishaka amanota baganije ko baryamana, bakagwa muri uwo mutego, bakisanga bahohotewe bityo bagatwara inda zitaba ziteganyijwe.
Uzamukunda Claudine izina ryahinduwe wigaga mu mwaka wa Nine, yavuze ko yagiye ku ishuri agamije kwiga no kubona ubumenyi ariko kubera gushukwa n’umwe mu barimu wamwigishaga ngo yagendaga amuha udufaranga rimwe na rimwe akamusohokana akamwereka ko amukunda, yisanga atwaye inda, none ngo yarivuyemo kandi nta n’icyo akimumarira.
Umwe mu bakobwa witwa Tumukunde Christella wiga muri kaminuza mu mwaka wa kanne na we yavuze ko hari umuntu mukuru wamushutse yisanga amaze gutwita, kuko yumvaga ubushuti yarafitanye na mugenzi we w’umugabo atamuhemukira ngo amutere inda ariko ngo yicuza bikomeye impamvu yaryamanye na we akisanga atwite none akaba yumva ubuzima bwe buri mu kaga, avuga ko yahise ava mu ishuri ko atazi ko azabasha kubona amahirwe yo gukomeza.
Kwizera Diane umwe mu barezi bo muri ‘‘nine’’ na ‘‘tuelve’’, yavuze ko ikibazo cyo guhohotera abana b’abakobwa n’abangavu kimaze gufata indi ntera, yatangajwe cyane n’abantu bakuru usanga bakomeje guhohotera abana b’abakobwa, kuko ngo babafatirana n’ubukene abo bana baba bifitiye mu miryango baturukamo, abandi bana ugasanga baba bitwara nabi banywa ibiyobyabwenge, bigatuma baha icyuho ababashuka.
Yagize ati ‘‘Ku ishuri tuba dufite abana b’abakobwa mu ishuri, tugategereza ko baza ku ishuri tugaheba, umwana yarabuze yaratwite, twabaza iwabo bakatubwira ko yatwaye inda, hari bamwe bamara kubyara bakongera bakagaruka bagakomeza ishuri, amahirwe ni uko abo bakobwa bemerewe gukomeza ishuri mu gihe bahuye n’icyo kibazo’’.
Kwizera yavuze ko abakuru bakwiriye kubaha abana, kuko usanga babaka ikiguzi cyo kuryamana na bo ati ‘‘abantu bakuru bajye bubaha abana’’, kuko hari abantu bakuru bafatiranya abana bafite imyitwarire mibi, bigatuma babahohotera kuko baba bashakaho amafaranga n’utundi tuntu.
Ati ‘‘Abakuru bakwiriye gutangira ubuntu hagize ubasaba ubufasha, mu gihe hagize umwana ugize icyo akwaka ntubanze kumusaba ingurane, abantu batiyubaha ni bo bahohotera abana, babahemukira, umwana ugize icyo agusaba ukimurusha ukamuhera ubuntu, ntumuhemukire, nta mpamvu yo gufata abana ku ngufu’’.
‘‘Hari nk’ababiri muri uyu mwaka wa korona bagaragaye batwite ku ishuri ryacu’’, usanga hari abanyeshuri baziterwa n’abanyeshuri bagenzi babo kubera kujya mu biyobyabwenge n’imyitwarire itari myiza, kuko usanga abo bana akenshi baba barabanje guhabwa inama ntibumve.
Uwo murezi yanenze abarezi bagenzi be bahohotera abana b’abakobwa n’abangavu ati ‘‘ababikora baba ari abarezi babi, abana bagomba kubahwa, nubwo umwana agaragara mu gihagararo ariko aba akiri umwana’’.
Yagarutse ku bishuko abo bana b’abakobwa bahura na byo ko baba bashaka ko abantu bakuru babakemurira ikibazo, kuko baba bazi ko bafite ubushobozi, uwo muntu mubi na we akamwereka ko abishoboye, kuko baba babafiteho ubushobozo bakabafatirana n’ubukene.
Umwana afite uburenganzira bwe, uko byaba biri kose nta mpamvu yo kumuhohotera, umwana agomba kubahwa uko biri kose, yabona afite imyitwarire idahwitse kuko afite ubushobozi bumurenze, akamufasha atagamije ikiguzi, abantu bakuru bajye biyubaha, abanatu bakuru bajye biyubaha, nta mpamvu yo gufata umwana ku ngufu.
Me. Ruberwa Silas, umwe mu banyamategeko yavuze ko ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ari igihe umuntu warikorewe batabyumvikanyeho, nubwo yaba ari umuntu urengeje imyaka 18 y’amavuko ko mu banyamategeko bafite ingero nyinshi z’abantu bakuru bagiye bahohotera abana b’abakobwa mu mashuri makuru, kaminuza n’amashuri yisumbuye kugeza no mu mashuri abanza.
Ati ‘‘Uwahohoteye umwana w’umukobwa ufite hagati y’imyaka 14 kugeza munsi ya 18 itegeko riteganya ko ahanishwa imyaka 25 y’igifungo, uwahohoteye umwana w’umukobwa ufite imyaka irengeje 18 kuzamura ahanishwa imyaka hagati ya 10 na 15 y’igifungo mu gihe bigaragara ko ryitwa ihohotera yakorewe ku ngufu, naho mu gihe yahohoteye umwana w’umukobwa ufite munsi y’imyaka 14 ahanishwa igihano cya burundu’’.
Uwo munyamategeko ahamya ko mu mashuri makuru, ayisumbuye n’abanza ihohoterwa ryagiye rihagaragara, kuko n’umugore mukuru wafashwe ku ngufu ashobora kuregera ihohoterwa yakorewe.
Ati ‘‘Impamvu habaho amategeko ni ukugira ngo abantu batinye bareke kubikora, birinde ibyaha by’ihohotera rishingiye ku gitsina, bituma ibyo byaha bigabanuka bitewe n’itegeko ribihana’’, yavuze ko abanyamategeko bagenda bahura n’imanza z’ihohoterwa ntabwo ari abana bo mu mashuri gusa hari nirikorerwa n’abakuze’’.
Gasanganwa Marie Claire Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Rulindo Wungirije Ushinzwe Imibereho Myiza y’Abaturage, yavuze ihohotera rishingiye ku gitsina rikomeje gufata intera ndende, aho noneho usanga abagabo bamwe batagitinya gufata abana b’abakobwa bakiri bato cyane, kuko hari abana 5 baherutse guhohotera bafite hagati y’imyaka 5 n’imyaka 7 harimo umwe wahohotewe mu Murenge wa Shyorongi.
Ati ‘‘Abo bagabo bakekwa ibyo byaha, barafashwe ku bufatanye n’Urwego rw’Igihugu Rushinzwe Ubugenzacyaha (RIB) bashyikirizwa Ubutabera, kugira ngo baryozwe ibyo bakoze,byabaye mu mezi abiri ashize muri Kamena 2021’’.
Muri ako karere honyine habarurwa abana b’abakobwa b’abangamvu bahohotewe baterwa inda zitateguwe bangana na 205, kuri ubu ubuyobozi bukaba bufite inshingano zo kwita kuri abo bana babaha ubufasha harimo Shisha Kibondo, gusubiza abo bana b’abakobwa bahohotewe mu ishuri, harimo no kuremera iyo miryango, kuko usanga abo bana babyarira iwabo uba ari umutwaro ku muryango, aho usanga imwe muri iyo iba itishoboye, bamwe ntibatinya kubatera ba nyina na bo b’abakecuru batishoboye.
yagize ati ‘‘Abana bahohotewe bose ni 205, abana bari mu mashuri bari 88, abana bahohotewe batigaga bari 117, abana bigaga mu mashuri abanza bari 20, abigaga mu mashuri yisumbuye bari 68’’.
Gasanganwa nanone yavuze ko usanga bamwe mu babyeyi bahishyira icyaha cyo guhohoterwa abana b’abakobwa bitewe ni uko babashaka kwiyunga n’uwahohoteye, aho bamwe babapfunda udufaranga cyangwa bakabizeza ko bazabaha indezo z’umwana ariko ntibabikore, bigatuma bagana ubuyobozi, bitewe ni uko batumvikanye.
Si mu mashuri abanza gusa cyangwa abatarize bahohoterwa, kuko n’amashuri makuru na kaminuza, usanga icyo kibazo kimaze gufata intera, bitewe ni uko abanyeshuri bashakisha amanota ku abarimu, hari bamwe mu abanyeshuri bima amanota ngo bashake abarimu babo kugira ngo babashakishe, bakabakoresha imibonano mpuzabitsina harimo n’abarikoreshwa ku agahato.
Andronique Ntaganda Usanase umunyeshuri muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda ishami rya Huye ushinzwe uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye yavuze ko mu myaka 3 ishyize bamwe mu banyeshuri b’abana b’abakobwa wasangaga bashakisha amanota ku barimu, bigatuma bashobora no kwishora mu busambanyi ariko kuri ubu aho icyo kibazo kivugutiwe umuti kirahagurukirwa n’abayobozi ba kaminuza hari icyagabanutse cyane kandi gifatika.
Uwo munyeshuri yavuze ko kuri ubu, iyo umwana w’umukobwa kimwe na musaza we arenganyijwe amanota n’umwarimu, afite uburenganzira bwo gusaba ko yahabwa urupapuro yakoreyeho akarenganurwa, ikindi habayeho ubukangurambaga bwo kwiha agaciro, aho ihohotera kuri ubu bitandukanye no mu myaka yashyize, aho bamwe muri abo banyeshuri b’abakobwa batabashaga kugaragaza ihohoterwa bakorerwa.
Ati ‘‘mbere byari bikomeye cyane, bikagera no hanze, abanyeshuri bajyaga babiceceka, icya mbere ku munyeshuri ni amanota, abayobozi nta makuru bari bafite, kuko abana b’abakobwa batabashaga kubivuga mu gihe ahuye n’ikibazo cy’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina’’.
Icyifuzo cye ni uko ubuyobozi bw’ishuri bubahagarariye (abanyeshuri), bwarushaho kwegera abanyeshuri bakabisanzuraho, umunyeshuri agahabwa ibimukwiriye mu gihe ari uburenganzira bwe, umunyeshuri warenganyijwe akabona uburenganzira bwo kurekarama.
Ugereranyije ubu na kera mu minsi yashize bigenda bigabanyuka, ihohoterwa byaterwaga ni itangwa ry’amanota, umunyeshuri akarenganywa bitewe ni uko yashakaga ufite uburenganzira bwo gutanga amanota, mbere byari bikomeye, muri kaminuza ngo baryamana n’abarimu kugira ngo bahabwe amanota, bakabiceceka, bitewe ni uko bavugaga ko nibabiceceka nta manota bazabona, abanyeshuri basohotse, barangije bagera hanze bakabivuga, kuko mbere ntabwo bapfaga kubivuga’’.
Andronique Ntaganda Usanase umunyeshuri muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda ishami rya Huye ushinzwe uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye yavuze ko mu myaka 3 ishyize bamwe mu banyeshuri b’abana b’abakobwa wasangaga bashakisha amanota ku barimu, bigatuma bashobora no kwishora mu busambanyi ariko kuri ubu aho icyo kibazo kivugutiwe umuti kirahagurukirwa n’abayobozi ba kaminuza hari icyagabanutse cyane kandi gifatika.
Ati ‘‘mbere byari bikomeye cyane, bikagera no hanze, abanyeshuri bajyaga babiceceka, icya mbere ku munyeshuri ni amanota, abayobozi nta makuru bari bafite, kuko abana b’abakobwa batabashaga kubivuga mu gihe ahuye n’ikibazo cy’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina’’.
Icyifuzo cye ni uko ubuyobozi bw’ishuri bubahagarariye (abanyeshuri), bwarushaho kwegera abanyeshuri bakabisanzuraho, umunyeshuri agahabwa ibimukwiriye mu gihe ari uburenganzira bwe, umunyeshuri warenganyijwe akabona uburenganzira bwo kurekarama.
Evariste Murwanashyaka Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’umusigire muri Cladho umuryango mpuzamahanga uharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, yavuze ko imibare y’abagabo bahohotera abana b’abakobwa mu mashuri igenda izamuka aho kugabanuka.
Ati ‘’ntabwo turakora icyegeranyo cyihariye mu mashuri ahubwo ubushakashakatsi bukorwa muri rusange n’abiga baba barimo, 63% batwaye inda bigaga bangana na 818 muri ‘‘nine’’ na ‘‘tuelve’’, muri kaminuza nubwo babarwa nk’abantu bakuru ntabwo twifuza abana bavuka batagira aho babarizwa, ibyo bakora ntabwo tubitindaho cyane, ibyo bakora baba babizi, muri kaminuza n’amashuri makuru ubukangurambaga burakomeje’’.
Imyaka 25 ihabwa uwahohoteye yavuze ko atari igihano gito, kuko nta kibazo kijyanye n’amategeko, kibabaje ni urugo uwo wahohoteye aba asize inyuma mu gihe afunze, kuko abo abana asize babura ubitaho.
Murwanashyaka Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’umusigire muri Cladho umuryango mpuzamahanga uharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, yavuze ko abana bamaze guterwa inda, mu 2018 bari 19 832, mu 2019 bari 23 628 naho mu 2020 bari 19 701 ni ukuvuga ko abana b’abakobwa batewe inda biyongereho 32,6% ugereranyije n’imyaka yashize, uwo mubare urimo n’abanyeshuri biga muri kaminuza, amashuri makuru, ayisumbuye n’abanza.
Abana b’abakobwa n’abangavu barashishikarizwa kugana ikigo cyitwa ‘‘Isange One Stop Center’’, mu gihe akimara guhohoterwa kugira ngo ahabwe ubufasha bw’ibanze ndetse bagakomeza no gukurikirana uwahohotewe, banamurinda kwandura virusi, bakamufasha guhura n’abanyamategeko.
Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina kuko ubushakashatsi bubigaragaza riboneka mu moko anne, irikorewe ku myanya ndangagitsina, gusambanya umwana, kwangiza imyanya ndangagitsina, gufata ku ngufu, gukoresha imibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato uwo bashyingiranywe, ayo moko yose agaragara no mu mashuri abanza, ayisumbuye n’amashuri makuru na kaminuza.
Kandama Jeanne na Basanda Ns Oswald
