Uburezi

Urugendo rw’imyaka 30 muri Politiki yo kudahana n’icyo byatanze

Amakuru dukesha impuguke mu bijyanye n’amateka avuga hari umugani ugira uti, “Iyo badahanwe, abanyabyaha bandika ibitabo.’’ Ibyo bitabo, biba bigamije gupfobya ibyo bakoze no gushinyagurira abo babikoreye ndetse bakanabiba ingengabitekerezo iganisha ku gukora ibindi byaha bisa nka byo mu bihe bizaza.

Ibi byigaragaza cyane iyo ubirebeye ku bapfobya Jenoside. N’ikimenyimenyi, Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, yabaye umusaruro w’imyaka 30 ya Politiki yo kudahana, yaba imbere mu gihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga, ku bari bamaze imyaka irenze ibinyacumi bahohotera abandi. Ugutumbagira kw’ibikorwa byo gupfobya Jenoside mu myaka 27 ishize, kwaturutse ku bufasha u Bufaransa na Vatican bahaye abajenosideri.

Ubu uko umubano ujya ku murongo, itangazamakuru ryose rizatwerera ukuzahuka kwawo u Bufaransa na Vatican kandi mu by’ukuri, Emmanuel Macron cyangwa Papa Francis ntibigeze batera intambwe, barasunitswe: na Paul Kagame.

Muri iyi nkuru ndagaruka ku ngingo enye:

Ingaruka zo kudahana
Uruhare rwa Kiliziya n’u Bufaransa muri Politiki yagejeje kuri Jenoside
Ibyahindutse
Umurongo mushya

Ingaruka zo kudahana

Urwango n’ubwicanyi byagiriwe Abatutsi, byatangiye mu 1959, birakomeza mu 1960, 1961, 1963, 1972-1973, 1990, 1992 hanyuma bigera ku ndunduro mu 1994. Abagome bari barahawe ububasha bwo kwica Abatutsi mu myaka ya za 50, 60 na 70 noneho barabihembewe, babyara abakoze Jenoside muri za 90, nabo bakomeza kororoka bibaruka abo tubona uyu munsi bapfobya Jenoside aho baba mu Burayi, urugero ni nka Donatien Nshimyumuremyi, umuhungu wa Felicien Kabuga, umwe ufatwa nk’umuterankunga mukuru wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Tariki 20 Gicurasi 1963, Gregoire Kayibanda, washinze ishyaka rya MDR-Parmehutu ryari rishingiye ku ironda wanabaye Perezida wa Mbere w’u Rwanda nyuma y’ubwigenge, yaciye iteka rusange riha imbabazi abantu bose bagize uruhare mu kwica imiryango y’Abatutsi. Yaryise impinduramatwara “Muyaga”.

Iryo teka ariko ntiryemereraga imbabazi abari muri UNAR, Abatutsi n’Abahutu bakomeye ku bwami cyo kimwe n’abarwaniraga ubwigenge; bibumbiye muri UNAR. Mu 1963, nyuma y’igitero cya mbere cy’Inyenzi- umutwe witwaje intwaro wari ushamikiye kuri UNAR wari uturutse mu Burundi, Abatutsi bari bagize 60% by’abaturage bagize igice cy’Amajyepfo y’Uburengerazuba bw’Intara y’Ubufundu n’Ubugesera, bishwe n’Abahutu bari abayobozi n’abandi bagome bari bijejwe kwegukana imitungo yabo.

Icyo gihe, nta muryango mpuzamahanga n’umwe wigeze wamagana ubwo bwicanyi, habe na SDN (Société des Nations), keretse urukiko narwo rutari rwemewe rwitwaga “‘Russell-Sartre Tribunal”, rwari ruyobowe n’Umufilozofe w’Umwongereza n’undi w’Umufaransa, Bertrand Russel na Jean Paul Sartre, nibo ku nshuro ya mbere bamaganye Jenoside yari iri gukorerwa Abatutsi mu 1964.

Kayibanda wari Perezida icyo gihe yavugiye ijambo kuri Stade i Gitarama imbere y’abadipolomate bose, ati “ni inde uri gukora jenoside?”, mbere yo guhanura ubwicanyi bwari bugiye kubaho: ati “Ndashaka kumenyesha abatutsi bari hano: reka dutekereze ko ubusazi bwanyu buzatuma mufata Kigali, ibyo bizahita bishyira iherezo ku bwoko bwanyu”.

Kuri iyo mbwirwaruhame, Kayibanda yahakanye Jenoside hanyuma ashyira amakosa ku bagirirwaga nabi ko aribo bikururira urupfu. We yasobanuye Jenoside yakorerwaga inzirakarengane z’abasivile yifashishije igitero cy’umutwe witwaje intwaro.

Uruhare rwa Kiliziya n’u Bufaransa mu guhindura Jenoside igikoresho cya Politiki

Muri buri cyiciro, abakoze Jenoside bari bafite Abanyaburayi babashyigikiye. ‘Parmehutu’ yari ishyigikiwe n’Abakoloni b’Ababiligi na Kiliziya Gatolika. Mbere yo kuba Perezida, Kayibanda yari Umujyanama wa Musenyeri André Perraudin, Umusuwisi wabaye Musenyeri wa Diyosezi ya Kabgayi kuva mu 1959 kugeza mu 1989.

Perraudin (Kuri Yubile ye y’imyaka 60 abawe ubupadiri mu 1999, yasuwe mu gace ka Valais mu Busuwisi n’Abatutsi barokotse Jenoside bamuha umuhoro wa zahabu ku bwo kubiba urwango mu Rwanda), yangaga urunuka Abatutsi n’abagize UNAR. We n’abakoloni b’Ababiligi bayobeje Isi yose babita aba-communiste. Byatumye Abatutsi bameneshwa, bafatwa nabi mu maso y’Abanyaburayi, binajyanye nanone n’intambara y’ubutita yariho, bituma ijwi ryabo ritumvikana ku ruhando mpuzamahanga. Abakuze bo barabyibuka neza: “bakundaga kutwita aba-Communiste, ariko ntitwari tuzi n’icyo bisobanuye. Ubumenyi bwacu ku bijyanye n’ubu-communiste bwari buke bugarukira ku buryo twakundaga Nkrumah na Lumumba.”

Mu 1959, ubwo Abatutsi bicwaga, Kiliziya Gatolika yari ifite ijambo rikomeye, yaciye iteka, imenyesha za diyosezi zose ko “Aba-Communiste b’Abanyarwanda” ari abanzi ba Kiliziya n’Imana, kandi ko abakirisitu bose bafite inshingano zo kubarwanya, niba bashaka kubabarirwa ibyaha byabo.

Mu yandi magambo, kwica Abatutsi mu Rwanda byari byemewe na Leta kandi byaranahawe umugisha na Kiliziya.

Abatutsi barameneshejwe, bahunga ku bwinshi. Abasigaye bambuwe ubutaka bwabo, inka n’ubundi butunzi bari bafite, hanyuma birukanwa mu duce bakomokamo, boherezwa mu duce twa Rukumberi n’ahandi, mu bice badashobora no kubona ubuvuzi byari byibasiwe n’isazi ya Tse-Tse. Bari bakikijwe n’Abahutu nabo b’abimukira baturutse mu Majyaruguru y’u Rwanda, bagenzwa no kwica abaturanyi babo igihe nikigera. Ibice byari bituwe n’imiryango y’Abahutu byari bifite amashuri, ibitaro, amazi n’amashanyarazi ariko se ku gice cy’Abatutsi ho byari byifashe gute? Habe na mba!

Mu myaka 30, nta kindi cyababagaho kitari ihohoterwa n’ibikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi, abakobwa babo bahohoterwa, bashorwa mu gushyingirwa bakiri bato, abavandimwe babo na ba se bakubitwa banateshwa agaciro umunsi ku wundi. Ubuhamya bukomeye bw’abarokotse Jenoside ni ubw’ababaye muri ibyo bice byari byaragizwe iby’Abatutsi. Bamwe bafite ihungabana ryo ku rwego rwo hejuru, ku buryo nirinda gusoma ubuhamya bwabo kugira ngo mbashe gukomeza kuba no gukorera mu Rwanda.

Mu myaka 27 ishize FPR ihagaritse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, u Bufaransa na Kiliziya Gatolika, byombi byashinjwe kuyigiramo uruhare, byakomeje gushyikira no guhishira abayigizemo uruhare kugira ngo bataburanishwa. Kiliziya n’u Bufaransa bibonye ko bigiye gutsindwa, byihutiye guhungisha ba ruharwa mu gukora Jenoside hamwe n’imiryango yabo, batuzwa mu Bufaransa, i Vatican – no hirya no hino mu Burayi.

Nta gushidikanya guhakana Jenoside mu Burayi byarushijeho gufata indi ntera bijyanye n’uburyo Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR) rwari rutangiye gukaza umurego mu guhana abagize uruhare muri Jenoside.

Ariko, Abihayimana n’u Bufaransa bo bakomeje gushaka kuburizamo ingufu za ICTR na Guverinoma iyobowe na FPR zo kugeza imbere y’ubutabera abicanyi. Bakomeje kuyobya umuryango mpuzamahanga: Perezida François Mitterand niwe wabaye uwa mbere mu kuvuga “za Jenoside”, ashimangira ko habayeho Jenoside ku mpande zombi. Uwamusimbuye, Jacques Chirac we yakoranye n’umucamanza Jean Louis Bruguière ashyiraho inyandiko zishinja ibyaha ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda bwa nyuma ya Jenoside. Ibitabo na za raporo byaracuzwe karahava, bigaragaza ko Jenoside yatewe na FPR, bayisobanura nk’itsinda ry’abanyamahanga bateye igihugu baturutse muri Uganda, bashyigikiwe n’ibihugu bivuga Icyongereza kugira ngo bahungabanye Abahutu bari bibereyeho mu mudendezo, ba nyir’u Rwanda bya nyabyo.

Abandi bashimangira ko FPR yahanuye indege ya Perezida Habyarimana bikaba imbarutso ya Jenoside; abandi na bo bati FPR yakoreye Abahutu Jenoside mu Rwanda no muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo. Izo nyandiko zose zatangazwaga n’abanditsi b’Abafaransa kandi bagahabwa rugari kuri za Televiziyo kugira ngo bazivugeho.

Abapadiri nka Wenceslas Munyeshyaka wafashe ku ngufu Abatutsikazi muri Jenoside yakomeje kuyobora za Misa muri Kiliziya zo mu Bufaransa, mu gihe bamwe mu bateguye Jenoside barimo nka Agatha Kanziga, umugore wa Perezida Habyarimana, akomeje gutura mu Bufaransa nta nkomyi. Umwanditsi w’Umwongereza, Linda Melvern, yigeze no kugaragaza ko inzego z’ubutasi z’u Bufaransa zakwirakwije amakuru y’ibinyoma ku zindi nzego z’ubutasi hirya no hino ku Isi zikwiza imvugo ko inzego z’ubutasi mu Rwanda zikurikirana abatavuga rumwe na Leta baba mu mahanga.

Ku rundi ruhande, u Bubiligi bwanabaye igihugu cya mbere cyemeye uruhare rwacyo muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ntacyo bwakoze mu guhagarika amatsinda y’abahakana n’abapfobya Jenoside. Kaminuza z’icyo gihugu zakomeje gutera inkunga rwihishwa ibikorwa by’ivanguramoko ku Rwanda.

Ibi bituma abana bakomoka ku bajenosideri bakura bumva ko ababyeyi babo ari abere. Yewe baranatinyutse bakusanya amafaranga yo koherereza umutwe w’iterabwoba wa FDLR, ndetse rwafashe inzira rujya gusura uwo mutwe mu mashyamba yo mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, bakifata amashusho bakanayasangiza abandi, ariko bagasubira mu Burayi ntacyo bishinja.

Batewe inkunga n’u Bufaransa, u Bubiligi na Kiliziya Gatolika, maze abicanyi n’ababakomokaho baryoherwa no kwigembya mu gihe kirenga imyaka 25.

Ni iki cyahindutse?

U Rwanda rwakomeje kwihagararaho. Paul Kagame yakoze ibitaratekerezwaga: ku wa Mbere tariki ya 27 Nzeri mu 2007 yategetse ko Ambasade y’u Bufaransa i Kigali ifungwa, umubano wose hagati y’u Rwanda n’iki gihugu urahagarara. Uyu mwanzuro waciye igikuba mu bihugu byahoze bikolonizwa n’u Bufaransa, byose bitangira kubarira iminsi ku ntoki biti baraje bamwivugane, u Rwanda rufatirwe ibihano cyangwa se rusubire mu ntambara. Yewe na bamwe mu baturage b’abanyarwanda bari bahangayitse. Muri ibi byose nta na kimwe cyabaye.

Ahubwo Paul Kagame yabaye Umuyobozi w’Ikirangirire mu miyoborere ya Afurika. Yatanze ubufasha bwa gisirikare kuri bagenzi be bo ku muganane by’umwihariko abo muri “Francophonie”. Yohereje ingabo muri Côte d’Ivoire na Haiti, yoherereza abajyanama b’abanyarwanda uwari Perezida mushya wa Benin. Yongera kugarura Maroc mu muryango wa Afurika yunze Ubumwe, yubaka ubushuti na Ali Bongo wa Gabon hamwe na Idriss Deby wa Tchad uherutse gupfa. Nyuma y’uko u Bufaransa bunaniwe kugira icyo bukora muri Centrafrique, Paul Kagame yohereje ingabo gushakira icyo gihugu amahoro no kurinda Perezida n’abandi banyacyubahiro.

Nyuma y’uruzinduko yagiriye i Kigali, Ali Bongo yatangaje ko afite gahunda yo gushyira Gabon mu Muryango w’ibihugu bikoresha Icyongereza ndetse agategeka ko Icyongereza cyigishwa mu mashuri abanza. Professor Alpha Condé wabaye umunyeshuri wa ‘La Sorbonne’, yashimangiye ko afata Paul Kagame nk’urugero rw’imiyoborere myiza. Mu myaka ibiri ishize mu iserukiramuco rya FESPACO muri Burkina Faso, Paul Kagame yatumiwe na Perezida wari watowe Roch Kaboré nk’umushyitsi w’icyubahiro muri iri serukiramuco ryabaga ku nshuro ya 26.

Nyuma gato, abayobozi bo muri Afurika bamutoreye kuyobora Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe n’ibikorwa byo kuvugurura inzego zawo, ari naho yahereye ashyira imbaraga mu bijyanye n’amasezerano y’Isoko rusange rya Afurika. Akunzwe cyane n’urubyiruko rwa Afurika, rwagiye rumutora ubutitsa nk’Umunyafurika w’umwaka.

Ni nk’aho abakuru b’Ibihugu bya Afurika babwiye u Bufaransa bati ‘Turambiwe ibiganiro byanyu bya Demokarasi. Turashaka imiyoborere ya Perezida Kagame’.

Uko iminsi yicuma, ubushobozi bwa Perezida Kagame bwashyize igitutu ku Bufaransa.

Inkubi y’agahenge

Inkubi yatangiye guhuha ubwo Nicolas Sarkozy utari umuntu utsimbarara cyane ku mahame ndetse utari ufite politiki nk’iya François Mitterrand yafataga ubutegetsi. Sarkozy, umuhungu w’umwimukira w’Umuyahudi, we yumvise ko nta nyungu zo guhishira ibyaha byakozwe n’abari abanyapolitiki bahanganye.

Nicolas Sarkozy yabaye Perezida wa mbere w’u Bufaransa wasuye u Rwanda nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ndetse atangaza ko ari intangiriro y’ijambo ryo kwicuza. Gusa umuhate we wakomwe mu nkokora ubwo indi ntumwa ya Mitterrand, François Hollande, yamusimburaga igasubukura politiki ishaje yo mu bihe bya Jenoside.

Gusa umubano hagati y’u Rwanda n’u Bufaransa warushijeho gutanga icyizere mu minsi mike ishize, ubwo umugabo ukiri muto wize iby’amabanki yazaga agahindura byinshi muri politiki y’u Bufaransa ishaje. Emmanuel Macron yahinduye urubuga rwa politiki ashyira mu myanya abantu bato b’abahanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga n’abaturutse muri sosiyete sivile, yagiye igaragaza gushyigikira guverinoma iyobowe na FPR.

Abafaransa bagifite imyumvire ishaje bagumye mu gisirikare no mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko aho birirwa mu kwirema agatima no kugerageza kugarura agaciro u Bufaransa bwatakaje muri Afurika.

Abagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko basazwe n’umujinya maze bangira Komisiyo ya Duclert kugera mu bubiko bwayo bw’inyandiko (ibi ndaza kubigarukaho), ndetse mu kwezi gushize kwa Mata ku wa 21 nyuma y’ishyirwa hanze rya raporo ya Duclert yagaragaje uruhare rukomeye kandi ntagereranywa rw’u Bufaransa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ndetse ikanenga ibikorwa by’igisirikare cy’u Bufaransa mu Rwanda mu 1994, Abajenerali 20 bahoze mu gisirikare batunguye buri wese ubwo basinyaga inyandiko y’iterabwoba ko igisirikare gishobora guhirika ubutegetsi ‘niba abasivili batabashije kugarura agaciro u Bufaransa bwatakaje.’ Iyi ngingo yo irahambaye, ndabasangiza inkuru yatangajwe na kimwe mu binyamakuru bya kera: Valeurs Actuelles’.

Muri make, bitandukanye n’Ingabo z’u Rwanda, igisirikare cy’u Bufaransa cyo si ingabo zishyira imbere inyungu z’igihugu. Kimwe n’ibigo byinshi mu Bufaransa, gishyira imbere igikundiro cyacyo aho kurebera ibintu mu ishusho ngari y’inyungu z’Abafaransa.

Mu by’ukuri, kuba u Bufaransa bwagira ijambo muri Afurika ntibyagerwaho butavuga rumwe n’u Rwanda, kandi u Bufaransa budafite Afurika buzahinduka nka Portugal mu gihe kitageze no ku myaka icumi: Yahoze ifite ibihugu ikoloniza none uyu munsi ihabwa inkunga n’ibihugu bikize yakolonizaga, nka Angola na Brésil. Ni nk’iyi nyandiko, nubwo yari mu Cyongereza [yashyizwe mu Kinyarwanda nyuma] ifite byinshi ivuze ku basomyi b’Abafaransa kurusha Abanyarwanda.

Kabone nubwo Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Bufaransa n’Igisirikare byinangiye, ntabwo byakomye mu nkokora umugambi wa Emmanuel Macron, ujyanye n’imiyoborere igezweho n’iganisha ku iterambere ya Papa Francis. Mu by’ukuri, ntabwo byari bigoye kubona ko Papa ukiri muto na Perezida w’u Bufaransa w’umujene bazahuza na Perezida Kagame.

Papa yatumiye Perezida w’u Rwanda i Vatican ndetse asaba imbabazi mu izina rya Kiliziya, arangije atoranya Musenyeri Antoine Kambanda warokotse Jenoside nka Cardinal wa mbere w’Umunyarwanda, ibi byabaye mu gihe u Bufaransa na bwo bwashyigikiye Louise Mushikiwabo na we warokotse Jenoside kugira ngo atorerwe kuyobora Francophonie.

Hamwe n’abarokotse Jenoside bari ku ruhembe, Kiliziya Gatolika yashushe n’iciye ukubiri n’ingengabitekezo ya Jenoside no kwibasira abarokotse, byari byarabaye kidobya kugeza icyo gihe.

Emmanuel Macron yashyizeho itsinda ry’abanyamateka riyobowe na Prof Vincent Duclert kugira ngo rikore ubushakashatsi ku ruhare rw’u Bufaransa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. U Rwanda na rwo rwari rwahaye ikigo cyo muri Amerika, Muse and Levy Firestone inshingano nk’izo.

Raporo zombi (Duclert na Muse) zasoje zigaragaza ko ‘u Bufaransa bwagize uruhare rukomeye kandi ntagereranywa muri Jenoside yagaragaraga’ ariko zisoza ziterekanye ‘uruhare rwa Guverinoma y’u Bufaransa’ – birumvikana kuko byari bigamije ko habaho ubwiyunge mu bya politiki hagati y’ibihugu byombi bimaze igihe bidacana uwaka.

Gusa mu buryo bw’amategeko, raporo zombi zakoze akazi kazo kandi zitanga ibimenyetso bihagije ku rukiko mpuzamahanga urwo ari rwo rwose ngo rube rwatera indi ntambwe. Cyane ko nko mu idosiye y’ “Akazu”, ICTR yanzuye ko uruhare rutaziguye rudasaba ko habaho ubushake.

Mu yandi magambo, u Bufaransa ntibyagomberaga ko bugira ubushake bwo kwica Abatutsi, niba bwarashyigikiye abicanyi bubizi bivuze ko bwagize uruhare. Ni kimwe n’ibya ruharwa mu gutera inkunga Jenoside, Kabuga Felicien, wafashwe nyuma y’imyaka 26 ariko bitunguranye akagaragara mu rusisiro rw’i Paris, agafatwa na Interpol na Polisi y’u Bufaransa.

Guverinoma y’u Bufaransa n’iy’u Bubiligi zashyizeho itegeko rihana abapfobya, ndetse zitangaza itariki ya 7 Mata nk’iyo gusubiza amaso inyuma hibukwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi hanyuma muri Gashyantare 2020 bwa mbere mu mateka y’itangazamakuru ry’u Bufaransa, umunyamakuru Natasha Polony yakurikiranyweho n’urukiko gupfobya Jenoside nyuma yo kuvugira kuri radiyo ko Jenoside ari umugambi w’abanyabyaha warwanyaga abandi banyabyaha. Iburanishwa rye riteganyijwe ku wa 26 Gicurasi 2021.

Hanyuma rero, haje kugerwaho umwanditsi w’Umufaransa wamenyekanye Patrick de Saint-Exupery, wamuritse igitabo cye ‘La traversée’ cyamagana ibinyoma byakwirakwijwe bya Jenoside ebyiri. Nyuma y’igitabo cye cya mbere, ‘l’Inavouable’ cyerekanye uruhare rw’u Bufaransa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ‘La Traversée’ cyacukumbuye ibivugwa kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abahutu muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo.

Uyu munyamakuru ukora inkuru z’intambara yakoreye urugendo ahantu hose hakandagiye impunzi z’Abahutu hose muri Congo, abaza abaturage, asanga nta cyemeza ko habayeho ubwo bwicanyi buvugwa ko bwakorewe Abahutu. Yanzuye ko ibivugwa ari ibinyoma byashyizweho kugira ngo bihume amaso abantu ndetse bishingirweho kugira ngo bahakane Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Nyuma raporo ya Duclert na yo yafashe umwanzuro nk’uwo.

Gusesengura mu buryi byimbitse muri ubwo buryo, kuri benshi bitakarira mu guhindura amagambo bayavana mu Gifaransa, bayashyira mu Cyongereza mu Rwanda no mu mahanga. Ku ruhande rwanjye, ni ingenzi cyane gufata uyu mwanya nkagaragaza ko u Bufaransa busa n’uburi kwitandukanya n’abakoze Jenoside. Ibi bivuze ko abari bishingikirije ubufasha bw’u Bufaransa ngo bahakane Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bashobora kujya imbere y’ubutabera vuba.

Gusa u Bwongereza na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika birasa n’aho byasimbuye u Bufaransa na Kiliziya Gatolika muri uwo mwanya, bakora amatangazo ariho ngo ‘Jenoside y’Abanyarwanda.’ Ambasaderi mushya wa Amerika mu Muryango w’Abibumbye Linda Thomas-Greenfiel wari mu Rwanda mu 1994 wagiye ukunda no gutanga ubuhamya bw’ukuntu yarokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, bisa n’aho yibagiwe uko ayita…

Paul Kagame ari i Paris mu nama yiga kuri Sudani no ku bukungu bwa Afurika kandi Emmanuel Macron ategerejwe i Kigali muri uku Kwezi kwa Gicurasi 2021. Ruzaba ari uruzinduko rwa kabiri Perezida w’u Bufaransa asuye u Rwanda kuva Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ibaye Gusa ikibazo cyo gukomeza kwibaza ni : Ese Emmanuel yaba azashira ubwoba ku bw’amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu azaba mu Bufaransa mu 2022 hanyuma avugire i Kigali imbwirwaruhame irimo amagambo yo kwicuza? Igisubizo ni mu minsi mike…

 

 

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