Abagore ba rwiyemezamirimo mu Rwanda bahamya ko kwigirira icyizere hamwe no kwiyemeza ari byo byatumye babasha gutinyuka gushora imari yabo no kugana ama banki bishoboka, babasha guteza imbere imiryango yabo n’igihugu muri rusange, bashishikariza bagenzi babo bakicyitinya kubireka ahubwo buri wese akamenya icyo ashoboye.
Umwe muri ba rwiyemezamirimo Christine Mucyo ukorera mu Murenge wa Bumbogo, Akarere ka Gasabo, Umujyi wa Kigali, yavuze ko urugendo rwo kwikorera akaba na rwiyemezamirimo, yabitewe no gutinyuka, kwikorera kubera ko yigiriye icyizere, hamwe no kwiyemeza.
Yagize ati ‘‘icyangombwa ni ukwiyemeza mu gihe ufite imbaraga, iyo wifitiye icyizere no kwiyemeza ko bishoboka, urabishobora’’.
Christine Mucyo yavuze ko kugira ngo atangire icyo gikorwa yahereye ku bikenewe muri sosiyete nyarwanda, areba ahari icyuho, abona ko ari ngombwa kurengera ibidukikije, kuko n’ubundi ngo yari asanzwe abikunda, avuga ko yabonye ko yabyaza umusaruro ibidukikije akagura imirasire y’izuba ku bajya kuyirangura hanyuma na we akayicuruza bitewe n’icyiciro cy’abaturage, kuko abakene cyane abahera ku giciro giciriritse.
Yagize ati ‘‘Christine yavuze ko imirasire y’izuba bituma duhumeka umwuka mwiza’’.
Nanone Christine yavuze ko kugira ngo abashe kunguka akorana n’ama banki y’ubucuruzi, aho nk’abagore babahera ku nyungu yo hasi ugereranyije n’abagabo bayaka, avuga ko nk’aba rwiyemezamirimo badashobora gutera imbere badakoranye n’ama banki.
Yagize ati ‘‘Abagore iyo tuganye banki baduhera ku nyungu yo hasi ugereranyije n’abagabo’’.
Kantesi Odette rwiyemezamirimo ufasha abantu kwimenya Join Others Rwanda.
Odette Kantesi ni umwe muri ba rwiyemezamirimo wabanje gukorana n’abandi imyaka 10 ariko ngo ajya kubona ko bitakiri ngombwa ahitamo kwikorera no kuba rwiyemezamirimo, akorana na ma banki atandukanye, yavuze ko yakoraga uko ashoboye ariko umukoresha we ntamushimire, kandi yaba afite ikibazo ntamwumve, abona ko kwikorera ari byo by’ingenzi, kuko abasha kwikorera kandi akabona umusaruro.
Yavuze ko yakoranye na banki abanza gushinga butiki kugira ngo atazabura amafaranga yo guhahira abana be, nibwo ngo yagiye abona inyungu akabasha gutunga abana be n’umuryango we.
Kantesi mu inzozi ze yavuze ko yashyinze umuryango utagengwa na Leta ‘‘Join Others Rwanda’’ (JOR) aho afasha abaturage ‘‘kumenya impamvu’’, kuri ubu akoresha abantu 5 bahoraho.
Yagize ati ‘‘kubaho nta ntego biragoye ko watinyuka, naritegereje nsanga nta muntu n’umwe wari wababazwa n’ibyanjye, yamfasha ari uko nafashe iya mbere, akanyunganira’’.
Odette asanga ko abagore bagomba kwitinyuka no kugira intego, avuga ko yashinze irerero ry’abana, aho yakira abana akabashyira mu maboko meza, akabatoza umuco mwiza.
Abagore bo mu Murenge wa Coko mu Karere ka Gakenke batunganya kawa mbere yo kuyohereza ku isoko.
Nyirangwabije Therese yavuze ko icyatumye atinyuka kuba rwiyemezamirimo w’umugore ni ukubera Leta y’Ubumwe yahaye umugore ijambo.
Yagize ati ‘‘Mboneyeho gushimira Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda Paul Kagame wahaye umunyarwandakazi ijambo bikadutinyura’’.
Nyirangwabije Therese, yavuze ko guha umugore ijambo ari byo byamuhaye gutekereza no kurushaho gukora cyane ati ‘‘Ibikorwa dukora ni buhinzi bwa kawa no kuyongerera agaciro, maze ikoherezwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga’’.
Yagize ati ‘‘Dukorana na banki itwunganira mukuduha inguzanyo kugira ngo dushobore kwinjira mu ishoramari ryunguka’’.
Nyirangwabije yavuze ko icyamutinyuye ni gukorera hamwe no kungurana ibitekerezo, noneho bwa bumwe n’ikizere bikabaha imbaraga zo gutinyuka.
Atanga inama ku bandi bagore kwigirira ikizere, kwishyira hamwe bagahuza imbaraga harimo n’izo bitekerezo, bakoresha abagore bari hagati ya 60 -100 ku mwaka.
Intego ya Duterimbere IMF PLC ni ukuzahura no gufasha abantu b’amikoro make kugera ku iterambere rirambye.
Runyambo Eric Umuyobozi ushinzwe inguzanyo muri Duterimbere IMF PLC ishami rya Kimironko, yavuze ko inyungu zo kugana ibigo by’imari bakoreramo ni uko bafata inguzanyo bakava mu bukene no gusabiriza, bakiteza imbere mu miryango yabo, abana kimwe ni abo bashakanye bagatera imbere, bakagera ku iterambere rirambye n’igihugu kigatera imbere mu inyungu rusange.
Yagize ati ‘‘Intego ya Duterimbere,Igicumbi cy’Iterambere ry’Umugore ni ukuzahura no gufasha abantu b’amikoro make kugera ku iterambere rirambye, bagafata inguzanyo, duherera ku bantu b’amikoro make ni bafite ubushobozi bitewe n’urwego barimo’’.
Umuyobozi ushinzwe inguzanyo muri Duterimbere ahamya ko hari abagore batangiriye ku bihumbi 200 na 300, bacuruza uduconco cyangwa bahinga, bikabafasha kugenda bazamuka, kuri ubu bageze kuri miliyoni 10 na 20 ntabwo ari amagambo hari ingero zifatika.
Ati ‘‘Abakire bageze ku rwego rufatika, bahera muri banki, bagatinyuka, bagakoresha amafaranga, babona umusaruro bakongera bakagaruka tukabaha andi’’.
Uwo muyobozi yavuze ko bafite gahunda ‘‘Tekana mutegarugori’’, ati ‘‘tubaha inguzanyo ifite inyungu ya 12% ku mwaka, bakagenda bishyura buri kwezi bitewe n’ingano y’amafaranga, bahereye ku bafite ubushobozi buke, bagenda batinyuka, bakabona umusaruro, ’’.
Ingaruka zo kutagana ibigo by’imari ni ukwitinya, bakagira bati ‘‘sinemerewe inguzanyo no kutagira amakuru ahagije, kuko nta muntu utabishobora’’, iyo rero babaganye babereka inzira n’umurongo mwiza bashobora kugenderaho, bibwira ko badashobora kubona inguzanyo, bitewe no kudasobanukirwa.
Runyambo rero ashishikariza ba rwiyemezamirimo kugana ibigo by’imari, bagaha abagore amakuru, kuko abatinyuka bahabwa inguzanyo bityo bakiteza imbere.
Banki Duterimbere yita ku bagore, babafasha gufunguza konti, bagatanga amafoto 2 bagahabwa n’agatabo bazajya babitsa no kubikuza ba rwiyemezamirimo bagakirigita ifaranga n’igihugu kigatera imbere.
Tuyishimire Chantal Intumwa yihariye ya komite y’igihugu yorohereza ubucuruzi (NTFC) muri MINICOM (Ministry of Trade and Industry), yavuze ko abagore bafite amahirwe bagomba gukoresha mu kuba ba rwiyemezamirimo no mu bucuruzi.
Yagize ati ‘‘ku isi abagore ba rwiyemezamirimo bageze kuri 16%, abagore bafite uruvugiro muri Women Chambers mu Rwanda, muri Afurika, hari ama association y’abagore’’.
Inzitizi zikiriho ni aho usanga abagore batamenya amakuru kimwe n’abagabo, bitewe n’umuco nyafurika, kuko usanga inguzanyo zihabwa abagore usanga ziri hasi cyane ugereranyije n’abagabo.
Tuyishimire atinyura abagore kugana ama banki bagasaba inguzanyo, bakaba ba rwiyemezamirimo,bagatera imbere imiryango yabo n’igihugu, bagacuruza, bagahanga imirimo, bagahanga udushya ati ‘‘Leta yabahaye amahirwe, mufite aho muvugira, abagore boroherejwe uburyo bwo gutangira business, imbogamizi zaboneka twafatikanya kuzirwanya’’.
Abagore mu Rwanda bakora ubucuruzi ni 82%, aho 16% -17% bakora mu rwego rwa serivisi na 1% -2% abagore mu bucuruzi ku rwego rwiyemezamirimo. Raporo zerekana ko abagore mu bucuruzi mu Rwanda bagenda batandukana mu nzego zidasanzwe nk’ikoranabuhanga n’itumanaho (ICTS) na lisansi.
Abagore bakora mu rwego rwa service b’abayobozi muri banki hari Diane Karusisi uyoboye banki ya Kigali, Alice Kilonzo (Ecobank), Lina Mukashyaka (NCBA), Christine Baingana (Urwego Bank), Arah Sadava (AB Bank) na Kampeta Sayinzoga (BRD).
U Rwanda rwashyizeho ingamba zitandukanye zo guteza imbere ubushobozi bw’umugore mu nzego zose.
Basanda Ns Oswald
