Basanda Ns Oswald
Haracyari abagore bakicyitinya kugana ama banki, bitewe ni uko bamwe basanga nta ngwate bafite, abandi bakaba nta makuru ahagije bafite, nyuma yo kuganira n’abagore bacuruza uduconco mu isoko rinshya ku Inkunge y’Amahoro riherereye ku rugabano rw’Umudugudu wa Zindiro na Masizi, bahamya ko bamenye amakuru ko na bo bashobora kugana ama banki.
Uwingabire Josée, ni umwe mu bagore bacuruza mu gasoko gaciriritse ku rugabano rw’imidugudu ya Zindiro na Masizi mu Murenge wa Bumbogo Akarere ka Gasabo Umujyi wa Kigali, yavuze ko icyamuteraga ubwoba bwo gufata inguzanyo ko ari uko nta ngwate yari afite.
Yagize ati ‘‘ncuruza ibintu byo kurya, mfite aho ndangura, mfite ni aho ncururiza, ku bwanjye banki ingiriye icyizere nahera ku bihumbi 200, kuko mfite aho ncururiza ariko nta gishoro mfite gihagije, ncuruza duke’’. Yavuze ko impamvu bitinya ni kubera ingwate idahagije.
Abagore bacuruza muri ako gasoko, bavuga ko igituma bakomeje kwitinya ni uko hari abahemukira bagenzi babo bakabateza igihombo, kuko ngo banki bakunze gutanga inguzanyo mu itsinda ariko ngo iyaba bayatangaga umuntu ku giti cye byakoroha, avuga ko kumenya umuntu uko ateye bigoye.
Bati ‘‘Kwishyurira umuntu wahemukiye itsinda birababaza cyane, nasabaga ko abantu mu gihe bibumbiye mu itsinda bakomeza kuba inyangamugayo’’.
Umwe muri abo bagore avuga ko afite konti ahuriyemo n’umutware we, ahamya ko yigeze gufata inguzanyo ariko aza kuyishyura. Avuga kandi ko abonye iyo nguzanyo yakwiteza imbere, kuko ngo afite abakiriya bamugana ariko nta bicuruzwa bihagije.
Mukandayisenga Claudine ufite imyaka 24 y’amavuko, avuga ko atari yagira ubushobozi bwo gutunga konti, gusa ngo aba mu bimina bisanzwe, yagize ati ‘‘Inguzanyo ya banki njyewe ndayikeneye cyane, ngize amahirwe mfite aga ‘‘small business’’, nifitiye icyizere, kuko mbonye inguzanyo bifite aho byankura naho byanshyira’’.
Yavuze ko afite inzozi zo gukomeza gutera imbere, kuko aho ari ntabwo hamushimishije, yagize ati ‘‘mbonye nk’ibihumbi 150 banki ikangirira icyizere, nakwiteza imbere nkabona igishoro’’.
Mujawimana Clementine, wifuza na we kuba yabona inguzanyo y’ibihumbi 150 ngo kuko ari yo yabonera ubwinshyu, ati ‘‘nanjye nkajya mu bandi nk’iteza imbere, niyizeyemo ubunyangamugayo, nafatikanya n’abandi nkishyura inguzanyo’’.
Eric Runyambo Umuyobozi ushinzwe inguzanyo mu ishami rya Kimironko muri Duterimbere IMF PLC, yavuze ko abagore bamwe bakicyitinya kugana ibigo by’imari, kuko bitinya ko badashobora kwemererwa inguzanyo harimo no kutagira amakuru ahagije.
Yagize ati ‘‘nta mugore utabishobora bitewe ni uko hari abafata inguzanyo zo mu rwego ruciriritse, aho bishyira mu itsinda (groupement) bagatangira imishinga y’ubucuruzi n’ubuhinzi bakabona umusaruro ushimishije, nubwo baba bafite amikoro make, bahera muri banki bagatinyuka bakayakoresha bityo bakiteza imbere’’.
Umuyobozi ushinzwe inguzanyo muri Duterimbere IMF PLC ishami rya Kimironko, ahamya ko hakiri abagore bakicyitinya kuko nta ngwate bafite, yagize ati ‘‘hari inguzanyo dutanga ku abagore bafite ubushake bwo gukora, ubwo bwoba turabubamara’’.
Abagore bahamya ko babonye inguzanyo bakwiteza imbere.
Yakomeje avuga ko mu gihe bafite aho bakorera, hari icyo baborohereza, kuko hari gahunda yagenewe abagore yitwa ‘‘tekana mutegarugori, koko ushobora kuza nta ngwate, haba mu bucuruzi cyangwa ubuhinzi, tubahera ku inyungu ya 12% ku mwaka buri kwezi itamuvunye, biroroshye buri wese ku rwego rwe’’.
Yavuze ko hari abagore bibumbira mu itsinda ari 3 cyangwa 4 cyangwa 7, ngo kuri ubu bamwe bageze kuri miliyoni 10 na 20 ati ‘‘ibyo ntabwo ari amagambo mvuga’’, avuga ko bazamutse kandi ko hari urwego bagezemo, avuga ko kenshi abagore nta makuru ahagije baba bafite, ariko mu gihe bateye intambwe bakagera kuri banki, hari abatinyuka bagafata inguzanyo bakiteza imbere.
Abahanga bahamya ko umugore iyo ateye imbere n’ubuzima bw’abagize urugo rurushaho gutera imbere, bakihaza mu biribwa n’imirire, ko mu gihe abagore batewe inkunga bituma babona uburyo bagana ibigo by’imari, bigatuma binjiza amafaranga, abana bakabaho neza urugo rugatera imbere.
Abagore bagana ama banki harimo na Duterimbere IMF PLC bahamya ko gahunda ya ‘‘Tekana’’ ari igicuruzwa cy’inguzanyo gihabwa abagore bakora ubucuruzi, kugira ngo bateze imbere imari yabo. Itangwa ku gipimo gito kandi ntisaba ingwate.
Ku mugabane w’Afurika, ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abagore ari bo bagaragara mu bucururuzi buciriritse. Banki y’isi igaragaza muri Afurika 58% y’abagore ari bari mu ibigo by’imari iciriritse n’Amashyirahamwe mato.
Abagore basaga miliyari imwe ku isi ntabwo bari bagerwaho na servise y’ibigo by’imari n’ama banki.
John Rwangombwa Guverineri wa Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu avuga ko ikinyuranyo kiri kuri 11% kiri hejuru y’impuzandengo ku rwego mpuzamahanga kuko kiri ku 9%.
Ihuriro ry’ibigo by’imari iciriritse mu Rwanda risanga ko icyuho kikiri hagati y’abagore n’abagabo mu kugana ibigo by’imari iciriritse bifitanye isano mu buryo amateka yafataga umugore.
Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu igaragaza ko umubare w’abagore bagana serivisi z’imari mu bigo by’imari iciriritse wagiye wiyongera ariko bitaragera ku rwego rushimishije mu kuziba icyuh
